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=Lewis and Clark Expedition Chapter= = = **Overview**

Students in Grade 5 class will be learning about United States Expansion and Reform movement during the early 1800's. We will be focusing on the Lewis and Clark expedition that began in 1803. The assignments used in this unit will be used to introduce and instruct the students in historical research as well as comprehension, and interpretation of historical writings and documents. Students will need research, writing and thinking skills to complete the required assignments and projects.

Rhode Island Grade Span Expectations for Civics & Government and Historical Perspectives/Rhode Island History
 * Standards Addressed**
 * C&G 5: As members of an interconnected world community, the choices we make impact others locally, nationally, and globally.
 * HP 1: History is an account of human activities that is interpretive in nature.
 * HP 2: History is a chronicle of human activities, diverse people, and the societies they form.
 * HP 3: The study of history helps us understand the present and shape the future.

National Center for History in the Schools Standards Historical Thinking Standards Standard 1 - Chronological Thinking The student thinks chronologically and is able to reconstruct patterns of historical succession and duration in which historical developments have unfolded, and apply them to explain historical continuity and change. Standard 2 - Historical Comprehension The student comprehends a variety of historical sources and is able to appreciate historical perspectives and draw upon data in historical maps. Standard 3 - Historical Analysis and Interpretation The student engages in historical analysis and interpretation and is able to consider multiple perspectives. Standard 4 - Historical Research Capabilities The student conducts historical research and is able to formulate historical questions and support interpretations with historical evidence.

US History Standards - Era 4 Expansion and Reform (1801-1861) Standard 1 United States territorial expansion between 1801 and 1861, and how it affected relations with external powers and Native Americans.


 * Assignment 1**


 * Expedition's Purpose**

Students will: · understand the expedition's goals that Meriwether Lewis received from President Thomas Jefferson · understand that historical documents and maps are the primary source of our historical knowledge · be able to analyze historical documents to determine the author's goal or purpose
 * Objectives**

Materials Computers, Internet, class wiki Procedure

1. Introduce students to the Louisiana Purchase and the basics of Lewis and Clark's expedition 2. Ask students what Lewis and Clark's purpose for going on this expedition was. Record answers on chart paper for future reference 3. Explain to students that in January 1803, President Jefferson asked Congress for approval to explore The Louisiana Territory and Congress agreed. In June 1803, Jefferson wrote a letter to Meriwether Lewis containing a set of instructions. The students are to use the Internet to find out what these instructions were. Students are to summarize the purpose of the expedition in three areas. These areas are political, economic, and scientific. Students will post this summary to class Wiki. Students should read and comment on each others summaries.

United States: Now and Then
 * Assignment 2**

-Students will be able to analyze documents to find and compare size of US now and size in 1803
 * Objectives**

Materials -Computers, internet, class Wiki

Procedure
 * 1) Explain to students that in 1803, no maps existed that showed the newly acquired Louisiana Territory or areas farther west. One of the goals of the expedition was to map the western territory
 * 2) Instruct students to use the internet to find maps showing the US in 1803 and the US now.
 * 3) Students need to write a compare and contrast essay about the two maps. This essay should include what has changed in the US in the last 200 years.
 * 4) Students will post the essay on the class blog and read and comment on other students essays.

What would you Bring?
 * Assignment 3**

Students will be able to
 * Objectives**
 * analyze primary documents and identify items needed for a cross country expedition
 * use appropriate multimedia resource(powerpoint, podcast, vodcast etc.) to record and demonstrate list of items needed for cross country expedition

Materials Computer, internet, multimedia resources

Procedure
 * 1) Explain to students that Lewis and Clark needed to decide on what items to bring for an expedition that might last months of even years. These items must be carried by the members of the expedition so they needed to bring only what was necessary.
 * 2) Have students brainstorm to come up with a list of items they would bring with them for comparable expedition today. Record this list and save it for later reference.
 * 3) Have students to study class list and record what items they came up with would not have been available in 1803.
 * 4) Instruct students to come up with a list of the 10 most important items and explain why they were so important.
 * 5) Have the students write a journal entry from Meriwether Lewis' point of view. This journal entry should answer the question, What 10 items do think are the most important to the success of your mission and why?
 * 6) The students need to prepare some type of Multimedia presentation for their list of 10 items, Lewis' list of 10 items, and Lewis' journal entry. This presentation could be in the form of a powerpoint presentation, podcast, vodcast, or some other multimedia resource.
 * 7) Students will post their multimedia presentation on the class wiki.
 * 8) Students will be instructed to view and comment on their classmates presentation on the calss wiki.

1) Pre-expedition -Why did they go Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, wanted to find a water passage to the west coast using the Missouri River. Another goal of the expedition was to study the animals, plant life, geology, Indian tribes, and if there would be any problems with British or French hunters and trappers. Jefferson had heard that the French were planning their own expedition so he put together a US expedition that he had been planning for a while. -Who went President Thomas Jefferson selected US Army Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition. Lewis chose William Clark who was a US Army Second Lieutenant but Lewis referred to Clark as "Captain." The expedition was made up of Lewis, Clark, and 36 other military men. The group called themselves the Corps of Discovery. The traveling group also included three interpreters, Sacagawea, who translated Shoshone to Hidatsa for her husband, Toussaint Charbonneau, who translated and was a cook, and George Drouillard, who translated Indian sign language. The final member of the group was Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, born February 11, 1805, and son of Toussaint and Sacagawea. The two final members of the expedition was Clark's slave, York, and Lewis' dog Seaman. Sergeant Charles Floyd was the only member of the expedition who died. He died on August 20, 1804 of a burst appendix. -What did they bring with them A 55 ft long 8 ft wide keelboat, two Pirogues (dugout canoes), many supplies including food, medicine, scientific instruments, weapons, and presents for the Indians. Their food included 2 large buckets and 5 small buckets of salt and a ton of salt pork. -What was going on in the United States at this time In 1803, The United States made the Louisiana Purchase. No one really knew what the US had bought and France didn't know what they sold. President Jefferson was an advocate for western expansion and he had Congress appropriate $2,500 for an expedition to explore the west. The only non-Indian expedition to cross North America was a Canadian expedition, led by Sir Alexander Mackensie, which crossed North America in 1793.
 * Lewis and Clark's Expedition**

2) Expedition -Native American tribes The expedition helped to establish friendly relations with many Native American tribes. The interaction with these tribes was vital to the success of the expedition. The group probably would have starved or became lost in the Rocky Mountains if not for the aid of the Native Americans. Sacagawea was especially helpful as a guide and interpreter. Native American tribes saw a Native American woman and her infant son a sign that the group was not looking for war. Some of the tribes encountered were Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Chinook, Clatsop, Crow, Hidatsa, Mandan, Nez Perce, Shoshone, Teton Sioux, and Yankton Sioux. -Journals Many members of the expedition kept journals and many of these journals have been archived. Several members kept more extensive journals including, Captains Lewis and Clark, Sergeants Charles Floyd, Patrick Gass, and John Ordway. These journals have given us almost a day-to-day insight to the actions and experiences of the expedition. -Route Meriwether Lewis left Pittsburgh, where he had the keelboat built, on August 31, 1083 and traveled down the Ohio River to St Louis with 11 men. Along the way he picked up William Clark and others. Camp Wood, upstream from St. Louis and sometimes called Camp Dubois, is the official starting place of the expedition. The group leaves Camp Wood in May of 1804 and travels up the Missouri River. They use sailing, rowing, settling poles, and sometimes even wading in the river to pull the boat upstream with ropes. They continue up the river until October of 1804 where they build Fort Mandan near present day Bismarck, North Dakota. In April of 1805, Lewis sends about 12 men back down the Missouri with maps, journals, and scientific specimens, including live animals and plants. The shipment includes a live prairie dog. Lewis leads the rest of the group west into present-day Montana, further than any white man has ever traveled. They travel though the White Cliffs of the Missouri and arrive at the Great Falls of the Missouri. In July of 1805, the group comes to the Three Forks of the Missouri and the Captains name them the Gallatin, the Madison, and the Jefferson. The group now heads southwest, up the Jefferson River. In August, Sacagawea recognizes Beaverhead Rock, near present day Dillon, Montana. The group now arrives at the edge of the Continental Divide and Lewis climbs Lemhi Pass, on the border of Idaho and Montana. He expects to see a river flowing towards the Pacific Ocean but instead sees more mountains. The group camps near where Missoula, Montana is now and calls this place Travelers Rest. In September of 1805, the group ascends into the Bitterroot Mountains. It takes 11 grueling days to finish the trip through the Bitterroot Mountains and they arrive near present day Weippe, Idaho. In October 1805, the group enters the Clearwater River near present day Orofino, Idaho. The group travel down the Clearwater to the Snake River, then on to the Columbia River. In October 1805, Lewis sees Mount Hood, named by a British sea captain, whom he recognizes from a map he carries. This is proof they are nearing the Pacific Ocean. In Late November 1805, the group builds their winter quarters on the south side of the Columbia River near present day Astoria, Oregon. They name this camp Fort Clatsop. Clark estimates they traveled 4,162 miles and it turns out he is only 40 miles off the true distance. In March 1806, the group heads back home. On the way back, after crossing the Bitterroot Mountains, the group splits into 4 separate groups to discover more of the Louisiana Territory. Clark travels down the Yellowstone River while Lewis heads back to the Great Falls. In September of 1806, the group arrives back to St Louis. -Maps One of the main purposes of the expedition was to explore and map the newly purchased Louisiana Territory and the route to the Pacific Ocean. William Clark was in charge of the mapmaking and he sent back many comprehensive and important maps of the new territory. Here is a map showing the route of the expedition. []

Here is one of the expedition's original maps. []

-Animals discovered The group documented over 100 species of animals that helped the US to have a better understanding of the natural resources of the west. Some of these animals, such as the prairie dog, were sent back alive for further research. Some other animals first recorded for science were the grizzly bear, harbor seal, coyote, mountain lion, and many more. -Plants discovered Just as they documented many animals for science, the group documented over 176 plant species. These plants included Bitterroot, Grand Fir, Pacific Yew, Tarragon, White Alder, and many more.

3) Post-expedition -Significance of expedition Thomas Jefferson's goal for the expedition was to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean, document plants and animals, map the new territory, evaluate interference of British and French trappers and hunters, and gauge the friendliness of the Native American tribes. The expedition was a success in all these areas except for finding the water route to the Pacific Ocean, although they did prove that such a route did not exist. The expedition gave the United States a better understanding of the geography and natural resources of the northwest. They established friendly relations with many Native American tribes. One of the expeditions greatest accomplishments might be that they sparked the nation's interest in the west.


 * Time-Line**

1803 January- President Thomas Jefferson asks Congress to fund an expedition to the western part of the continent. Summer- Meriwether Lewis directs the building of a 55-foot keelboat and recruits and trains new members of the expedition. December- The Corps of Discovery builds Fort Dubois on the Bank of the Mississippi River north of St Louis, Missouri.

1804 May-Corps of Discovery leave Fort Dubois to begin their expedition. August- Sergeant Charles Floyd died of a burst appendix. October- Group begins to build Fort Mandan near present day Bismarck, North Dakota. December- Fort Mandan is completed.

1805 February- Sacagawea and Charbonneau's son, Jean-Baptiste is born. April-Lewis and Clark send a group of men back down the river in the keelboat with specimens and journals for President Jefferson. May- The group reaches the White Cliffs of Missouri River. June- The group arrives at the Great Falls of the Missouri River. July- The group reaches the Three Forks of the Missouri and names them the Gallatin, the Madison, and the Jefferson. September- The group camps near present day Missoula, Missouri and calls it Traveler's Rest. Two days later, the group begins the ascent of the Bitterroot Mountains. It takes 11 days to finish crossing the mountains. October- The group begins traveling down the Clearwater River. This is the first time they have the current behind them in about two years. About ten days later, the group reaches the Columbia River, which leads to the Pacific Ocean. Early November- Lewis thinks he sees the Pacific Ocean but he is only looking at an estuary of the Columbia River. Late November- The group reaches the Pacific Ocean and begins building Fort Clatsop near present day Astoria, Oregon.

1806 March- The group gives Fort Clatsop to the Indians and heads home. September- The group finds an easier way home and arrives in St Louis almost 2 1/2 years after they left. They are treated like heroes when they arrive. -What happened to members of the expedition Sergeant Charles Floyd died early on the trip. He was the only member of the expedition to die. Captain Meriwether Lewis received 1,600 acres of land as a reward for the expedition. In 1807, he was appointed Governor of the Louisiana Territory. In September of 1809, Lewis was traveling to Washington when he was found by his servants with several gunshots. He died soon after by what some most historians think was suicide although there is some debate. William Clark was appointed brigadier general of the Louisiana Territory's militia in 1807 and this made him the agent for Indian affairs. He led several battles against the Indians until 1813 when he was appointed Governor of the new Missouri Territory. The other members of the expedition received money and land for their services to the country. Clark's slave York asked for his freedom but Clark refused. Some reports say that Clark may have eventually freed York. Sacagawea and Charbonneau lived with the Hidatsa for about 3 years until accepting Clark's invitation to live in St Louis. Clark took over responsibility for their son Jean-Baptiste and enrolled him in a St Louis boarding school.

"Lewis and Clark |." PBS. 20 Mar. 2009 . "Lewis and Clark Expedition -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 20 Mar. 2009 . "National Geographic: Lewis & Clark." National Geographic - Inspiring People to Care About the Planet. 20 Mar. 2009 .
 * Bibliography**

Lewis and Clark video from 1950 - [] PBS Website- [] National Geographic Website - [] Online Book, Lewis and Clark - [|http://www.abacci.com/annotated/ebook.aspx?bookID=1553&pagenumber=1] Wikipedia Article - [] Jefferson's letter to Meriwether Lewis - [] Blogcheese - [] Vidcasting - [] Website containing Podcasts, Images, and other information - [] Making a podcast using a Mac - http://www.apple.com/ilife/tutorials/#garageband-podcast Lewis and Clark Podcast - [] How to screencast - [] Lewis and Clark Expedition Powerpoint Presentation - [|The Lewis and Clark Expedition] Informative website - []
 * Links**


 * This Is An Open Source Document **